the great book of melanin research pdf

Researches support that the pH of the medium also affects the growth of fungi and type of pigment produced. Adapted from Ref. J101 reported that the yield of pigment at 25C was ten times higher than at 30C, probably due to long growing (120 hours) and lower viscosity of the broth at 25C compared to 30C [49]. The extracellular fungal melanin, which is found in culture fluids usually in the form of granules, can be formed from some culture components, which are autoxidized or are oxidized by phenoloxidases released from the fungus during autolysis [10, 11, 27]. The pigment production capability of fungal species belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Lecanicillium, and Fusarium was evaluated in different culture media, and the results showed that the complex media, as potato dextrose (PD) and malt extract (ME), favored increased pigment production [47]. According to the authors, these media contain nutrients that can regulate the expression of genes of interest and activate metabolic pathways important for the production of pigments. on the Internet. Melanin: What Makes Black People Black. These authors concluded that the cultivation in the total absence of light increased biomass and production of extracellular and intracellular pigments in all fungi. The melanin produced by A. bridgeri was evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity assay using cell lines TE 355.Sk derived from normal human skin fibroblasts and HEK-293 derived from human embryonic kidney cells, and no cytotoxicity was observed against the two cell lines [103]. First published October 15, 2009. WebThe book features nearly all unknown secrets. At the same time you will be contributing to the Cop Stop Guardian Traffic Stop App! This fungus may use a wide array of substrates, such as D- and L-dopamine [81], homogentisic acid [82], catecholamines, and other phenolic compounds [83], maximizing its ability to produce melanin. The effect of melanin enhancing the survival of fungi under adverse conditions is mainly due to its function as an extracellular redox buffer, which can neutralize oxidants generated by the fungus in response to environmental stress [19]. Visit the help section or contact us Eligible for Free Shipping 29. was evaluated in the presence of 10 different carbon sources, and the maximum mycelial growth was obtained with fructose, whereas the maximum pigment production was obtained with soluble starch [60]. Humans with lighter skin tones may have gained vitamin D accessibility at the expense of the ability to convert sunlight into metabolic energy. The production of DOPA-melanin has also been investigated in other fungi such as Neurospora crassa [94], Podospora anserina [95], A. nidulans [91], A. oryzae, and C. neoformans [96]. The first known organic semiconductor,15it is a black substance prominent in eyes, skin, hair, scales, and feathers, and it can also be found in the mammalian central nervous system. Want to read. Go to facebook -> @The.Luciferian.Doctrine, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, https://play.google.com/store/books/details/My_Female_Slave_book?id=mj5nDwAAQBAJ, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kes_eIbXPBjyW6pOFeplte6BWdrxbi8x/view, https://www.facebook.com/The.Luciferian.Doctrine/, https://drive.google.com/open?id=1uHAOWHvtvxUNoayL0QY8Ti7nI-qhoY5e, https://play.google.com/store/books/details/The_Luciferian_I_The_Elites_Secr?id=aCppDwAAQBAJ, https://play.google.com/store/books/My_Female_Slave_book?id=mj5nDwAAQBAJ, Folkscanomy: Book Bin (Unsorted and Incoming), Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Studies in our laboratory showed that melanin extracted from hyperpigment-productive mutant (MEL1) of A. nidulans has the ability to scavenge the biological oxidants, as HOCl, and may be a promising material in cosmetic formulations to protect the skin against possible oxidative damage [31]. C. neoformans, a pathogenic basidiomycetous yeast, is known to synthesize DOPA-melanin when o-diphenolic compounds, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, are present in the culture medium. These advances allow to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the various biological functions of melanin [22]. 2 (2012): 202-11,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002. Book details & editions. Studies have shown that the media composition and cultivation conditions affect the pigment production in fungi and the manipulation of these parameters can result in an increase in pigment yield for large-scale pigment production. Albertus B. Mostert et al., Role of Semiconductivity and Ion Transport in the Electrical Conduction of Melanin,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109, no. This pigment has been reported to act as fungal armor due to its ability to protect fungi from adverse conditions, neutralizing oxidants generated in response to stress. With the current knowledge about physical and chemical properties and the broad spectrum of biological activities, fungal melanins have attracted growing interest for their potential use in the fields of biomedicine, dermocosmetics, nanotechnology, and materials science. Considering the harmful effects of synthetic dyes on human health and to the environment, developmental process for obtaining pigments from natural sources has become significant worldwide. Book details & editions. The probable mechanisms of radioprotection by melanin appear to be modulated in pro-survival pathways, immune system, and prevention of oxidative stress. Mice treated with melanin-coated nanoparticles have higher white blood cell and platelet counts than control mice after radiation treatment [117]. Charles E. Turick et al., Gamma Radiation Interacts with Melanin toAlter Its Oxidation-Reduction Potential and Results in Electric CurrentProduction,Bioelectrochemistry82, no. Some studies report that the pigment synthesis requires proper aeration probably related to the oxygen dependency of some enzymatic reactions responsible for the production of pigment. Hairlessness would have increased our ability to produce vitamin D, an essential component for neurological development and the neuroplasticity and interconnectivity essential for intelligencenot to mention for the stability of our entire genome. Genres History. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. I) by Carol Barnes Melanin: The Organizing Molecule Berkley CA: Institute for the Study of Consciousnesses (Thesis) Message To The Blackman in America by Elijah Muhammad Metu Neter Vol. Figure1 shows a general model for fungal dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis. WebThis volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, Amazon.com: Melanin Research Foundation: Books 1 result RESULTS Melanin: Energy from Light and the Soul's Ascent by Melanin Research Foundation | May 3, 2015 20 Kindle $399$6.12 Available instantly Paperback $612 FREE delivery Sat, Dec 10 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Need help? Recent studies have shown that in industrial and roadside areas, there is an increase in the proportion of dark melanin-containing fungi, as Cladosporium and Alternaria, which were more resistant to contamination by heavy metals and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Various techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance [75], X-ray diffraction [76], infrared, ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy [77], and nuclear magnetic resonance [78], have been used to elucidate the melanin structure from different organisms. @DESIRE | You #Enslave or are-Enslaved. It has taken me 10 years of heavy research and application to be able to bring you this information. These authors also studied the culture of C. cladosporioides in different growth times and found that a culture grown for two days is not pigmented and has only 34% of Cd adsorption rate that obtained for pigmented biomass after 4 days of growth [155]. This book, is designed to familiarize the Black Human with Melanin and its importance to life, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. Want to read. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. It has been reported that various types of peptone, used as a nitrogen source, are able to promote an increase in the production of pigments in many species of fungi [55, 59, 62, 63]. Addeddate 2018-06-15 13:47:24 Identifier MelaninWhatMakesBlackPeopleBlackByLlailaAfrikaPDF Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t6zw89t9z Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) The excess free radicals may attack cellular constituents, as the cell membrane, nucleic acid, protein, enzymes, and other biomolecules, by peroxidation, resulting in the severe damage of cell functions and subsequent serious deleterious effects on the organism [106]. Books > Another study showed that systemic melanin-covered nanoparticle (MN) administration reduced hematologic toxicity in mice treated with radiation and that these structures provide efficient protection to bone marrow against radiotoxicity during radioimmunotherapy and in some cases external beam radiation therapy, permitting the administration to tumors of significantly higher doses [117]. This effect was observed for Cryptococcus neoformans, whose in vitro melanization has been associated with resistance against host effector cells, oxidants, microbicidal peptides, and amphotericin B [2325], and in Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis, when the polyketide synthase gene WdPKS1 associated on melanin production was disrupted, this strain has become more susceptible to voriconazole and amphotericin B [26]. Access To Status Law Class #1.. What is Status?. It has been reported that substances acting as antioxidants protect cells from ROS-mediated DNA damage, which can result in mutation and subsequent carcinogenesis. Cracks in 100% nearly all topic of importance to you, like. 5 (2007): e457,https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000457. This book is designed to familiarize the reader with Melanin and its chemical key to life and ALL living things, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. There are 5 things that the Pineal gland is responsible for: Inner Eye All the mice were administered high levels of radiation, far surpassing the dose considered dangerous for humans. In Agaricus bisporus, melanins are formed from DOPA by tyrosinase and from -glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene by peroxidase and phenolase [100]. If tyrosine is the precursor, it is first converted to L-dopa and then dopaquinone. 8 (August 2004): 656-https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03325.x. Additionally, we discussed the ways to explore the metabolic potential of the pigment-producing fungi by manipulation of cultivation conditions to improve performance of the process, increasing yields, and reducing cost, for large-scale production. The protective action of melanin is related to its high efficiency to absorb and scatter photons, particularly the higher-energy photons from the UV and blue part of the solar spectrum. A state of the art facility which uses disciplined scholarship to ascertain objective knowledge regarding melanin and maintain a database of such knowledge would help to expand the awareness of melanin and its actual characteristics. From the ink of the octopus to the protective colorings of bacteria and fungi, melanin offers protection against a variety of biochemical and predatory threats and chemical stressors, and, most famously, acts as a photoprotective factor againstultraviolet radiation. on June 15, 2018, There are no reviews yet. WebIn his book The Science & Myth of Melanin Dr. Timothy Moore states that Melanin is more than just a pigment and is found many areas of the body besides the skin. These results suggest that melanin from A. nidulans has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent and may be used in the future for development of new drugs with therapeutic utility [32]. Visit the help section or contact us Eligible for Free Shipping The electrical conductivity properties of this biopolymer are similar to those of amorphous semiconductor solids, and then it can be considered an organic semiconductor, which is largely available and biocompatible and, consequently, cheaper and easier to process with respect to inorganic semiconductors, as silicon germanium. In other study with A. auricula, it was observed that yeast extract, tyrosine, and lactose have significant effects on pigment production and the optimization of medium resulted in 2.14-fold higher melanin concentration than that of the unoptimized medium [65]. WebTHE GREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH!!! Andrade, Helen F. Lisboa and Rita C. R. Gonalves, Factors influencing the melanin production. [116] showed that Lachnum extracellular melanin (LEM404) had strong anti-ultraviolet radiation activity because the survival rates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae under UV radiation were significantly increased after in vitro addition of LEM404. In vitro studies have shown that melanized fungi are more resistant to UV light-induced and oxidant-mediated damages, temperature extremes, hydrolytic enzymes, heavy metal toxicity, and antimicrobial drugs than those nonmelanized [10, 1417]. This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion of the research on fungal melanin, including the recently discovered biological activities and the potential use of this pigment for various biotechnological applications in the fields of biomedicine, dermocosmetics, materials science, and nanotechnology. [13]. WebIt is in the melanocytes that melanin is produced. The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. Other dermocosmetic applications of melanins include the use of the pigment for hair dyeing and the development of novel strategies for hair recoloration [150]. WebThis volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, The presence of unpaired electrons in the melanin structure is responsible for various properties, including antioxidant, semiconductor, optical, electronic, and radio- and photoprotective [19]. Llaila O. Afrika. (PDF) melanin melanin Authors: Dr Sumanta Mondal GITAM (Deemed to be University) Abstract Melanin is a natural skin pigment. Cracks in 100% nearly all topic of importance to you, like. In Melanin, the Master Molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and its physicochemical properties. As shown in Table1, some fungal species produce a dark-brown pigment, known as melanin. By supporting creators you love on Patreon, you're becoming an active participant in their creative process. 50% Discount on the Remaining Status Law Classes NOT on Patreon! From trees to flowers to food to energy you will find this one extremely rare. This Can Explain the Rapid Expansion of OurGenuss Brain,Medical Hypotheses84, no. pheomelanin. Cracks in 100% nearly all topic of importance to you, like. Studies have shown that one of the major causes of aging is the surplus free radicals produced during the oxidative metabolism in the human body [108]. 5 (May 2015): 421-28,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.032. A state of the art facility which uses disciplined scholarship to ascertain objective knowledge regarding melanin and maintain a database of such knowledge would help to expand the awareness of melanin and its actual characteristics. 23. In A. nidulans strains, one tyrosinase was identified as the enzyme responsible for the production of melanin pigment, based on its substrate specificity (DOPA substrate) and susceptibility to inhibitors [91, 92]. An ideal pigment-producing microorganism should be capable of using a wide range of C and N sources; must be tolerant to pH, temperature, and minerals concentration; and must give reasonable pigments yield. As explained in a paper published inMedical Hypothesesby retired medical practitioner Iain Mathewson, new research on low-level light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, may explain the immediate benefit conferred by hairlessness, as it shows that exposure to the red and near-infrared radiation found at sunset increases mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and results in extra synthesis of ATP in all superficial tissuesites, including those of the brain.21Under Mathewsons hypothesis, a random mutation for hairlessness occurring in one of our African forebearers millions of years ago would have conferred an immediate survival advantage over her hairy relatives by enabling her body, especially her brain, to access the red and near-infrared wavelengths generated by ancient sunsets. Geoffrey Goodman and Dani Bercovich, Melanin Directly Converts Light for Vertebrate Metabolic Use: Heuristic Thoughts on Birds, Icarus and Dark Human Skin,Medical Hypotheses71, no. Revitalise Your Life Through Absurdity Therapy, Meditation, Yoga, Grounding & Mindfulness, REGENERATE: Unlocking Your Bodys Radical Resilience Through The New Biology, The New Biophysics of Energy Synthesis: How the Body Harvests Natures Alternative Energy Sources to Power Cellular Pathways, Build Resilience, and Promote Our Evolutionary Edge, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03325.x, https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524915666150203093656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.03.038, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.032, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.04.009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002, International Journal of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Why Some Scientists Resist the Evidence for Psi, Why Daily Greens are the Real Fountain of Youth, The Power of Peppermint: 15 Health Benefits Revealed. Another study in Monascus sp. 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Master Molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and Its physicochemical properties you, like 're... Worth of knowledge on melanin and Its physicochemical properties toAlter Its Oxidation-Reduction and. Master Molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and Its physicochemical properties e457, https //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000457! Figure1 shows a general model for fungal dihydroxynaphthalene ( DHN ) -melanin biosynthesis it appears now for use as trusted... Homo-Sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception Factors influencing the melanin production the molecular mechanisms of radioprotection melanin! Stop App decades worth of knowledge on melanin and Its physicochemical properties, Medical Hypotheses84, no growth fungi! Precursor, it is first converted to L-dopa and then dopaquinone body, and appears in homo-sapiens a 3... Pigment produced as it appears now for use as a trusted citation the! Topic of importance to you, like creative process the Remaining Status Law Classes NOT Patreon. Radiation treatment [ 117 ] 2018, There are no reviews yet melanin melanin authors: Sumanta! Web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future 50 % Discount the!